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Wednesday, May 26, 2010

Economic Warfare - FRENCH article explains

Economic Warfare

english version wiki:

(a VERY short article on how this is ancient military stuff only)

french version:

http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DGuerre_%25C3%25A9conomique%26printable%3Dyes

East India company.. a ruthless murderous exploitation PRIVATE
enterprise. supported by the STATE ELITES and MILITARY/SECRET SERVICE

and who's national emblem?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company

look under flags:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company#Flags


http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DGuerre_%25C3%25A9conomique%26printable%3Dyes


Early economic wars stood since the antiquity regularly in connection with the Kolonialisierung of strange countries and had above all the goal of conquering stranger resources without a detailed armed conflict to lead. With often small military means, however extensive one-sided commercial agreements could often be exploited raw materials and the work of the kolonialisierten country in the further process without the employment by weapons, since the native population did not recognize the consequence of her promises first. If the exploitation was noticed, the aggressive business partner already extensive influence on legislation had itself and/or executive provides. Only after long negotiations and numerous wars almost all colonies became in 20. Century given up.
modern times

Against center of the past century the restaurant espionage developed as means of strategic warfare between nations and business enterprises. By purposeful spying of state or professional secrets with the help of secretofficial methods here one tries to attain certain key authority. The goal of the damage and/or destruction of the competitor or parts of the opposing national economy are the center of attention here. The successful destruction or defense of jobs as well as grown infrastructure in this connection of the war-prominent parties likewise as .victory "or .defeat "is marked, like a lost or won battle of conventional warfare.

Middle of the 90's of the last century was damaged for example the German company Enercon by US-American spies, when these finished that at that time first transmissionless wind power station. The proofs for the wire-tapping that Security Agency (NSA) on the enterprise in Germany became national during the court hearing admit. Due to a simultaneous patent application of the Enercon technology in the USA imposed the American law thereupon a general import prohibition for Enercon, valid up to the year 2010. By this case of espionage the enterprise suffered according to own data of turnover losses of approx. 50 million euros and about 300 planned additional jobs not to create not to be able.
possibilities

trade barriers

Another form of the economic war between nations is represented by the employment by trade barriers. If tariffs, consolidated from communication links to the economic blockade and isolation of an entire national economy, are used import regulations or the interruption the industrial production, so far available, does not come to succumbing, the supply of the population will more with difficulty, if necessary can funds on international accounts any more not be made arrangements and private as well as commercial Internet traffic comes to succumbing. An in such a manner attacked national economy is insulating, with the consequence of an using depletion and an extreme damage of the internal economy (example from the year 2001: Somalia will become on pressure of the USA separated from the Internet and all external accounts of the Somali bank Al Barakaat frozen. The consequence was that no more money could flow into the country, approximately from Somalis, which worked abroad and money to their families sent - left down.)

military mechanisms

Espionage mechanisms, which were directed at times of the cold war against hostile states, can be inserted today also against business enterprises of friendly states around Wirtschaftspionage to operate. Dan Smith, until 1993 as Militärattaché at the Londoner message, stressed the NSA opposite the BBC, spies not on behalf individual US enterprises. It was however admitted that the goals were so broadly selected that one notes "inevitably" also communication, which is militarily not relevant. In the Upper Bavarian bath Aibling was until 2004 a Echelon station, the second largest hearing plant of the USA abroad. With this probably world-wide largest electronic monitor, consisting of 120 listening posts, which hear around the clock telecommunications satellites and Mobilfunksender as well as Untersee Telefonkabel and Mailserver tap, loud the former director of NSA William Studeman is along-cut, in one hour of approx. approximately two million messages. In such a way won realizations can be used in the form of patent applications against the competitor or be useful for selling price calculation.


Patentportfolio

To force patent rights on a large scale to it begun a competitor to the task or fusion, the attacking enterprise the aggressive use of patent laws avails itself. Above all financially strong enterprises use patents, which they did not develop for the purposeful absorption of the innovation potential in the competition also, but buy up (see also: Patentportfolio).

Recent example of this debate points the discussion to the harmonization draft of the European union for software patents on software-based technology. Although it does not handle legal in Europe for such patents gives, have international and European enterprises of already as a precaution approx. 30,000 such software patents obtains. With the entry into force of the Hamonisierungsbeschlusses in its of US enterprises version (JURI draft) became suddenly a still highly visible number of computer programmes launched suddenly patent illegal.

A question in the connection, arranged into the future, concerns the planned possibility of making by patents the human genetic make-up commercialable. The prospect with the help of the genetic engineering economic interests for monopolizing of vital interests of supply of a national economy in the health service to use, became not urgent all experience after due to the observation of important participants in the economy the benefit of humans, but for the achievement of economic power, also as weapon against nations and enterprises against the background net yield-oriented interests of shareholder to be used.
hostile assumption

A form of the economic war possible between enterprises is the so-called hostile assumption, to attain i.e. the broad buying up of shares with the goal also against the express agreement of attacked management a controlling interest over the competitors.
parallels to conventional warfare

The rearrangement of resources is likewise planned in the economic war, as in a conventional war. Parallel ones are:

* strategic planning of combined measures with time and regional purchase
* High financial expenditure for espionage and infiltration
* combined strategic and operational employment of the weapons
* Execution of diverting manoeuvres and multi-front conflicts
* Acceptance of substantial destruction on economical level

see also

* École de guerre économique

Web on the left of

* Internet site by Bernd of olive Bühler, lecturer in economic war
* German Internet site of the Brillstein Security Group
* Colonial right as preliminary stage of a global "Kolonialisierung"
* Exemplary example Somalia
* Heise article for the Internet separation of Somalia
* Information of the protection of the constitution for the prevention of sabotage and restaurant economics
* Thesis (diploma) with the emphasis "hostile assumption"
* Information portal to European Union software patents
* "Whom genes" NDR contribution belong to the topic patent war

Economic war

An article of Wikipédia, the free encyclopaedia.



This article does not quote sufficiently its sources (August 2008).

If you know the treated topic, thank you to indicate the passages to sourcer with {{desired Référence}} or, better, include the useful references by binding them to the footnotes. (To modify the article)

The economic war [note 1] is a polysemous concept which can return to several definitions:

* From a point of view mercantilist or néo-mercantilist, the economic war indicates a conflict between concurrent economies in the play of the international exchanges, conflict from which one will leave gaining and a loser (if the "economic war" is avoided by reciprocal concessions, one speaks sometimes about "enlightened mercenary attitude" [1]).
* From a point of view mercantilist or imperialist, the "economic war" can consist of a military action having economic purposes. [2]
* Within the framework of an armed conflict, one speaks about economic war to stress the importance of the industrial dimension of the conflict. [3]
* In this same context, the economic war also makes it possible to make pressure on the populations enemies: thanks to the blockade for example. [4]
* Certain mercantilists or néo-mercantilists speak about economic war to indicate the competition exacerbated between companies, this one appearing by aggressive practices (industrial espionage, dumping"). According to some of which the partisans of the Free trade, this use concerns an abuse language [5].

The economic war in the mercantilists

The concept of "economic war" remains relatively vague and cannot be allotted to such or such current of thought without neglecting certain subtleties of them. Although some mercantilists admit the benefits of the foreign trade, the concept of war economic finds its bases in this thought which dominated the economy of the XVI E to the XVIII E centuries. One indicates, generally in a pejorative way, preaching term "néo-mercantilists" the people that the international business concerns a "economic war".

This period is marked by a rise of the maritime power of the United Kingdom and Provinces Linked, which seek to develop economic new rules which are more favorable to them, whereas the powers of Europe of the South (Spain and Portugal) profited from a monopoly with the treaty of Tordesillas (1494) at the time of the great discoveries at the end of the XV E century and to the XVI E century. After the creation of the English Company of the Eastern Indies by England (1600) then the response of the Provinces Linked with the Company Dutchwoman of the Eastern Indies (1602), France reacts in its turn by the creation of the French company of the Eastern Indies (1664).

It is in this context of commercial war that the Dutch lawyer Hugo Grotius founded the international law. [6]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_public_international_law


This intra-European commercial war should not thus make forget the importance of the international law in the appearance of competitions between economic powers.


Economy with the service of the war

Following Machiavel, the majority of the thinkers mercantilists see in the economy art to enrich the Prince [7] and the kingdom, from a point of view of power, i.e. a military optics. [8]

Thus the French mercantilist Antoine de Montchrestien explains in 1615:

"It is impossible to make the war without men, to maintain the men without balances, to provide to their balance without tributes, of raising tributes without trade. " [9]

Thus to increase the power of the Prince while enabling him to carry out the war, it is essential to develop the national trade, and to fight the foreign trade. The objective is double: it is necessary that the Prince has more gold, and that the foreign Princes have some less. Accordingly, nation's economy with a warlike vocation. Jean-Baptiste Colbert precise: "The companies of trade are the armies of the king, and manufactures are its reserves". The objective of its "armies" and to push back the foreign "armies". Thus to underline this hatred of the foreign trade, Antoine de Montchrestien declares:

"The foreign merchants are as pumps which draw out of the kingdom ["] pure substance of our people ["] ; in fact leeches stick to this large body of France, draw its best blood and gorge themselves some"

The war with the service of the economy

The idea that the war can be an economic growth factor was in the beginning developed by the mercantilists. [10]

To gain the economic war, the mercantilists recommend the military expansion, not against the unfavourable powers only, but against third nations. In order to limit the dependence with respect to the foreign merchants, it is necessary to annex the territories which will provide the richnesses the metropolis does not have. The mercantilists thus recommend the colonial expansion.
The dynamics of the economic war

The interactions between war and economy produce a dynamics favorable at the same time to the military power and the national wealth. Admittedly, the conquests increase the richnesses, and the richnesses increase the conquest appropriatenesses, but the system mercantilist also rests on mechanisms more subtle. For example, the monopolies granted to the national companies for the trade with the colonies (as Navigation Act de Cromwell) allow the expansion of the merchant fleet of the country, and reduce the profitable construction appropriatenesses of ships for the unfavourable countries. The trade thus allows the control of the seas and conversely.

Critical of the economic war mercantilist

For the philosophers of the Lights

The philosophers of the Lights are among the first (preceded by some statesmen as Vauban) has to criticize the system mercantilist. In spirit of the laws, Montesquieu wants to show that Commerce and Peaces always go hand in hand:

The Trade cures destroying prejudices; and it is almost a general rule, which everywhere where there is trade, there is soft manners; and that everywhere where there are soft manners, there is trade. ["] The natural effect of the trade is to carry to peace. Two nations which negotiate together make reciprocally dependent; if one may find it beneficial to buy, the other may find it beneficial to sell; and all the unions are founded on mutual needs." [11]

Thereafter, the philosopher David Hume will attack directly the theory mercantilist while trying to show the theoretical faults of them. According to the mercantilists, the international business must be used to fill the cases of the State. It is necessary thus that the trade balance is surplus. David Hume tries to show that on the long run a trade balance is balanced always overall [12]. Thus, when a nation has an active balance, the strong one of re-entry of currency causes inflation and thus a loss of competitiveness which results in a trade balance becoming overdrawn. The economic war delivered by the mercantilists thus concerns for him a theoretical error.

At the liberal economists and keynesians

For holding of the economic liberalism, the prosperity of the ones made the prosperity of the others. The confrontation of the egoistic or national interests should not lead to the war but to the harmony. Thus according to Jean-Baptiste Say:

"A nation, compared to a close nation, is in the same case as a province compared to another province, than a city compared to the campaigns: it is interested to see it thriving, and assured to benefit from its opulence. " [13]

It was also the opinion defended by John Maynard Keynes at the time of the crisis of 1929 when the governments tried to secure unemployment by exporting it in the foreign countries (political known as: beggar-my-neighbour policy). According to him, measurements harming the foreign economies, harm into final the nation's economy.
The economic war in optics néo-mercantilist

Certain States or individuals, qualified "néo-mercantilists" see in the international business an economic war requiring of the aggressive practices. Their ideas are illustrated according to them by the many commercial quarrels between nations. Thus Elie Cohen explains:

There is an old bottom mercantilist in France which tends to see in the commercial quarrels the shadow of the economic war, even of the war by other means. [14]

In the free-traders

Paul Krugman estimates that the concept of war economic derives from the dangerous obsession of competitiveness and the desire to get shivers:

"First of all, the image of the competition is more exciting and the shiver makes sell. The subtitle of the enormous best-seller which was the work To ballast Thurow Head to Head is "the future economic battle between Japan, Europe and America"; the fourth of cover announces that "the decisive war of the century started ["] and America perhaps already decided to lose it". [15]

But for him, the diffusion of the concept of "economic war" is a true problem because she threatens the assets of the international business and risk to lead to a commercial war which does not take place to be:

"Another danger, much more serious, would be that this obsession of competitiveness leads to conflicts in connection with the international business, even with a true commercial war." [16]

Theoretical work of this authors sought to show that the national wealth was not dependent on the international competitiveness of a country but on its only productivity. Consequently the idea that the best competitiveness of the foreign countries does not have negative effects on the interior richness.

It is not with the economic war as competition between states that Joseph Schumpeter was interested but in the risk of a keen and thus potentially harmful competition between companies. It rejects the idea that the competition exacerbated between economic entities having for end the constitution of monopoly has some destroying consequence. According to him this competition does not constitute a "war with the knife" harming the general interest.
Various current practices according to sights mercantilists
Competing laying off

This practice consists in trying to engage employees of concurrent companies, with two aims:

* to reduce the labour force and the know-how of the concurrent company;
* thanks to the discharged employee, to recover the work methods, the techniques of the concurrent company, thanks to the know-how of the engaged person.

The lobbying

It is a technique of pressure or influence on decision makers (political, economic often). It can be direct, by interventions, or even soudoiement (see: corruption), or indirect by the creation of Web sites, mailing, communities of practice, reviews, articles directed in the newspapers, publicity, and by the communication in all its forms, all means intended to influence mentalities.

The lobbying is facilitated by the fact that the companies now associate competences of ONG on the sociétales questions (environment, human rights). This practice frequent in the Anglo-Saxon world (the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, Scandinavia), and is facilitated by the use of the English language like common language.

In addition to ONG, the lobbying employs today institutional networks like those of the international chamber of commerce, the WBCSD, the Business Action for Sustainable Development, OECD, OMC, the IMF, the tops of the Earth. It is based on the effectiveness of account-returned written written by certain people or networks which take part in the tops.

Even if drifts exist, generally it is not a question of methods dishonest persons in the sense that they are generally based on rules enacted gradually by international agencies. On the other hand, the Anglo-Saxon legal system of common law proves more effective, in any case until today, to address the sociétaux stakes of the sustainable development and the responsibility sociétale through the multiplicity for the recipients of the companies.

The lobbying finds a ground fertile in the implementation of the new countable standards IAS/IFRS which integrate the immaterial capital henceforth.

Through the lobbying, they is two cultures and two designs of legal systems which are confronted: the civil law which dominates in continental Europe, and Common law.

Standardization

The standards and the standards in general (safety, information systems, accountancy, traceability, etc) can make it possible to achieve certain mercantilists goals:

* to protect itself from a foreign competition;
* to impose its products on third countries, when the standards in question have an international application (example: the GMO).

The preeminence of English in the international relations belongs to this standardization, and is sometimes perceived as handicapping the countries where English is not the native tongue (see also: Academy of the English Rug), or the geographical areas as Europe where there exists a great diversity of native tongues. In the United States was born the Dictionnaires project from formerly [17]. The choice of scientific English would have being associated with a step with this type, because it is the blur on the definitions of the English languages which gives to handling the place that it should not have" the illuminant examples are not example the words "meatus", "seed" or management [desired ref.].

Countable standards IAS/IFRS are the standards which currently have the most influence on the business management, and even indirectly on the systems of public accounts in the European Union. It is a question indeed today of entering the immaterial capital made up by competences of the companies, their commercial relations, their structures (patents, information systems of the companies and even of the administrations). This accounting is intended to be managed through intangible fixed assets, which, with the dires of much of experts, account for 60 to 70 % of the value of the companies.

Thus, one invests today twice more in pure knowledge (formation, control of the change,") that in the pure production equipments.


The sociocultural influence

According to the specialists in economic intelligence Eric Denécé and Claude Revel, the United States seeks to position upstream markets while exploiting on all the techniques of the influence, and in particular the sociocultural influence.

Little by little a formatting of the ideas occurs on the American model in good number of countries of Europe, of which France. For example, on the level of the business schools, Masters off Businesses Administration became the reference. The consultancies and of audit Anglo-Saxons recruit in this crucible.

The film diffusion everywhere in the world makes it possible to prepare the ground with the future establishments of companies and makes easier the installation of the domination economic [18].


Humanitarian actions and ONG

These institutions can have a cultural, economic, and political influence on the countries where they are established, and being used by the companies like a means of being introduced into new countries. The opacity in particular of their operation was clarified by the recent studies of the Prometheus foundation chaired by appointed Bernard Carayon and Jean-Michel Boucheron UMP and PS.


The competing counterfeit

The counterfeit is the imitation of a product developed by a competitor. It concerns for example, the luxury items, but also the software, the drugs, etc
This competition is often illegal because she violates the industrial property and the patents.


The war of information

The war of information is the common point of the majority of the methods employed today (lobbying, standardization, social learning,") to acquire an economic superiority while exploiting the cultural factor.

The acquisition of knowledge employs today methods which are not necessarily dishonest persons like the open sources (white information), i.e. the collection of information available in source open on Internet networks.

The best method to secure itself against a systematic plundering is to adopt a systematically careful and nonnaive attitude, and to build networks extranet in access restricted for the communities of practice which relate to only certain recipients of the company.


Bibliography

* The other war of the United States, Economy: secrecies of a machine of conquest, Eric Denécé and Claude Revel, Robert Laffont, 2005.
* Secrecies of the economic war of Ali Laïdi and Denis Lanvaux at Threshold.
* The world economic war, Bernard Esambert, Olivier Orban, 1991.
* Economic patriotism, of the war at economic peace, Bernard Carayon, Editions of the Rock, 2006 (ISBN 2268058808)
* Christian Schmidt, To think the war, to think the economy, Odile Jacob, 1991.

Notes and references

Notes

1. ? Term forged in the years 80-90 years by Bernard Esambert and some strategists of company impressed by the play of go.

References

1. ? according to the expression of Paul Krugman indicating the practices of OMC
2. ? Example: "Continental Blockade, economic machine of war against England"" Jean Tulard, "Empire (First) 1804-1814", in Encyclopædia Universalis 2005
3. ? Example: "In 1914, Rathenau becomes the director of the Office of the raw materials, which enables him to direct all the economic war." François-Georges Dreyfus, "Rathenau Walther (1867-1922)", in Encyclopædia Universalis 2005
4. ? "It acts to undertake an economic action which will weaken the other part, even with the detriment of its own economic advantages." Fanny Coulomb, "For a new conceptualization of the economic war", War and Economy, in Geopolitical Reference, Ellipse, 2003
5. ? Parler about economic "war" in connection with the confrontation between two concurrent companies constitutes also a "abuse" language, which will then let suppose that any competition is connected with the war. Fanny Coulomb, COp cit.
6. ? Of iure praedae, On the right of capture, including Hugo Grotius. Pond liberum, Free Seas in 1604.
7. ? "In a well organized government, the State must be rich and the poor citizens" Machiavel, the Prince, 1514
8. ? "It is necessary to ensure the richness of the Prince, for him, but also to finance the ceaseless wars" Michel Beaud, Histoire of the Capitalism of 1500 to 2000, fifth updated edition, Points Threshold, 1999, page 33.
9. ? Antoine de Montchrestien, political Treaty of economy, 1615
10. ? "the war like development and power-factor: this design, in its most achieved form, date of the mercantilists"" Jacques Fontanel and Ron Smith, "economists and the war", in Le Monde, March 19, 1991
11. ? Montesquieu, Of the Spirit of the laws, 1748
12. ? David Hume, Political discourses, 1752
13. ? Jean-Baptiste Say, political Treaty of economy, 1803
14. ? Elie Cohen, "the economic War will not take place" (in Guerre (S) and Peace, CNRS Thema 2nd quarter 2004), [1] [archive]
15. ? Paul Krugman, Universalization is not guilty, the Discovery/Poche, 2000, pages 30-31
16. ? Paul Krugman, COp cit., page 33
17. ? ARTFL dictionary collection [archive]
18. ? Eric Denécé and Claude Revel, the other war of the United States, economy: secrecies of a machine of conquest, page 165


== GERMAN WIKIPEDIA =====


Ihre Spenden helfen, Wikipedia zu betreiben.
Economic war
from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Changes too: Navigation, search

Economic war colloquially an intensive argument between enterprise, different or same states, led with economic instruments, is called, whereby beside economic often also legal, political and/or secretofficial instruments use to find. The competition is a forerunner of the economic war. The economic war is to differentiate of a military war led from economic motives.

historical view

20.

Early economic wars stood since the antiquity regularly in connection with the Kolonialisierung of strange countries and had above all the goal of conquering stranger resources without a detailed armed conflict to lead. With often small military means, however extensive one-sided commercial agreements could often be exploited raw materials and the work of the kolonialisierten country in the further process without the employment by weapons, since the native population did not recognize the consequence of her promises first. If the exploitation was noticed, the aggressive business partner already extensive influence on legislation had itself and/or executive provides. Only after long negotiations and numerous wars almost all colonies became in 20. Century given up.
modern times

Against center of the past century the restaurant espionage developed as means of strategic warfare between nations and business enterprises. By purposeful spying of state or professional secrets with the help of secretofficial methods here one tries to attain certain key authority. The goal of the damage and/or destruction of the competitor or parts of the opposing national economy are the center of attention here. The successful destruction or defense of jobs as well as grown infrastructure in this connection of the war-prominent parties likewise as .victory "or .defeat "is marked, like a lost or won battle of conventional warfare.

Middle of the 90's of the last century was damaged for example the German company Enercon by US-American spies, when these finished that at that time first transmissionless wind power station. The proofs for the wire-tapping that Security Agency (NSA) on the enterprise in Germany became national during the court hearing admit. Due to a simultaneous patent application of the Enercon technology in the USA imposed the American law thereupon a general import prohibition for Enercon, valid up to the year 2010. By this case of espionage the enterprise suffered according to own data of turnover losses of approx. 50 million euros and about 300 planned additional jobs not to create not to be able.
possibilities

trade barriers

Another form of the economic war between nations is represented by the employment by trade barriers. If tariffs, consolidated from communication links to the economic blockade and isolation of an entire national economy, are used import regulations or the interruption the industrial production, so far available, does not come to succumbing, the supply of the population will more with difficulty, if necessary can funds on international accounts any more not be made arrangements and private as well as commercial Internet traffic comes to succumbing. An in such a manner attacked national economy is insulating, with the consequence of an using depletion and an extreme damage of the internal economy (example from the year 2001: Somalia will become on pressure of the USA separated from the Internet and all external accounts of the Somali bank Al Barakaat frozen. The consequence was that no more money could flow into the country, approximately from Somalis, which worked abroad and money to their families sent - left down.)

military mechanisms

Espionage mechanisms, which were directed at times of the cold war against hostile states, can be inserted today also against business enterprises of friendly states around Wirtschaftspionage to operate. Dan Smith, until 1993 as Militärattaché at the Londoner message, stressed the NSA opposite the BBC, spies not on behalf individual US enterprises. It was however admitted that the goals were so broadly selected that one notes "inevitably" also communication, which is militarily not relevant. In the Upper Bavarian bath Aibling was until 2004 a Echelon station, the second largest hearing plant of the USA abroad. With this probably world-wide largest electronic monitor, consisting of 120 listening posts, which hear around the clock telecommunications satellites and Mobilfunksender as well as Untersee Telefonkabel and Mailserver tap, loud the former director of NSA William Studeman is along-cut, in one hour of approx. approximately two million messages. In such a way won realizations can be used in the form of patent applications against the competitor or be useful for selling price calculation.


Patentportfolio

To force patent rights on a large scale to it begun a competitor to the task or fusion, the attacking enterprise the aggressive use of patent laws avails itself. Above all financially strong enterprises use patents, which they did not develop for the purposeful absorption of the innovation potential in the competition also, but buy up (see also: Patentportfolio).

Recent example of this debate points the discussion to the harmonization draft of the European union for software patents on software-based technology. Although it does not handle legal in Europe for such patents gives, have international and European enterprises of already as a precaution approx. 30,000 such software patents obtains. With the entry into force of the Hamonisierungsbeschlusses in its of US enterprises version (JURI draft) became suddenly a still highly visible number of computer programmes launched suddenly patent illegal.

A question in the connection, arranged into the future, concerns the planned possibility of making by patents the human genetic make-up commercialable. The prospect with the help of the genetic engineering economic interests for monopolizing of vital interests of supply of a national economy in the health service to use, became not urgent all experience after due to the observation of important participants in the economy the benefit of humans, but for the achievement of economic power, also as weapon against nations and enterprises against the background net yield-oriented interests of shareholder to be used.
hostile assumption

A form of the economic war possible between enterprises is the so-called hostile assumption, to attain i.e. the broad buying up of shares with the goal also against the express agreement of attacked management a controlling interest over the competitors.
parallels to conventional warfare

The rearrangement of resources is likewise planned in the economic war, as in a conventional war. Parallel ones are:

* strategic planning of combined measures with time and regional purchase
* High financial expenditure for espionage and infiltration
* combined strategic and operational employment of the weapons
* Execution of diverting manoeuvres and multi-front conflicts
* Acceptance of substantial destruction on economical level

see also

* École de guerre économique

Web on the left of

* Internet site by Bernd of olive Bühler, lecturer in economic war
* German Internet site of the Brillstein Security Group
* Colonial right as preliminary stage of a global "Kolonialisierung"
* Exemplary example Somalia
* Heise article for the Internet separation of Somalia
* Information of the protection of the constitution for the prevention of sabotage and restaurant economics
* Thesis (diploma) with the emphasis "hostile assumption"
* Information portal to European Union software patents
* "Whom genes" NDR contribution belong to the topic patent war

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